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| Saturday, 23-Jun-2007 21:29 |
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trinity college - university of cambridge
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The Avenue
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master's lodge
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Great Gate - view sebelah dalam
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professor Richard - dtg menegur slps melihat jijah bgmbr sorg2
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tower clock
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river cam
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Back Gate
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History
The history of Trinity goes back to the reign of Henry VIII and most of its major buildings date from the 16th and 17th centuries. The beauty and size of Trinity's courts attract visitors from all over the world, but the College is also a thriving, modern community.
Trinity College was founded by Henry VIII in 1546, combining Michaelhouse and King's Hall. Michaelhouse had existed since 1324; King's Hall had been established by Edward II in 1317 and refounded by Edward III in 1337. Trinity's flag, flown on special occasions, has as its design the royal standard of Edward III.
Famous Undergraduates
Undergraduates of the 16th century included Francis Bacon, philosopher and statesman, and the Earl of Essex, a favourite of Elizabeth I. The poets George Herbert, Andrew Marvell and John Dryden were at Trinity in the first half of the 17th century. Isaac Newton, one of the greatest of all physical scientists, entered the College as an undergraduate in 1661 and remained at Trinity until 1696, by which time his most important mathematical and scientific work had been completed.
Byron, Thackeray, and Tennyson were Trinity undergraduates in the early part of the 19th century. The statue of Byron now in the Wren Library was intended for Westminster Abbey, but the poet's notoriety was such that the offer was refused. Earl Grey, whose government introduced the great Reform Bill of 1832, is one of Trinity's six Prime Ministers.
Famous figures associated with Trinity in the late 19th and early 20th centuries include James Clerk Maxwell, author of the theory of electromagnetism; J.J. Thomson and Ernest Rutherford, two of the pioneers of atomic physics; the historian G.M. Trevelyan; philosophers Bertrand Russell and Ludwig Wittgenstein; Jawaharlal Nehru, the first Prime Minister of India; and the novelist Vladimir Nabokov.
Life at Trinity has changed greatly over the centuries but the strong academic tradition has been maintained. In science and economics, for example, Trinity has provided 32 Nobel Prizewinnerssince they were first awarded in 1901. Today the College is part of a forward-looking University renowned for the excellence of its teaching and research.
Buildings
The oldest parts of the College date from the time of King's Hall, including the range behind the Clock Tower, which are medieval, and the Great Gate, which was built at the beginning of the 16th century. The clock strikes the hour twice, first on a low note and then on a much higher one. The tower once stood about 20 yards from where it is now and was moved to its present site when Great Court was laid out.
Many of the buildings that we see today were built through the efforts of Thomas Nevile, who became Master of Trinity in 1593, including the main features of Great Court and a large part of the beautiful, cloistered court on the side of the Hall that faces the river. Nevile's Court was completed in the late 17th century when the library designed by Sir Christopher Wren was built. The Wren Library contains many treasures, the oldest of which is an 8th century copy of the Epistles of St Paul. New Court and courts on the other side of Trinity Street opposite the Great Gate were erected in the 19th century. In more recent times, much new building has been completed, including Blue Boar Court and Burrell's Field.
The College grew rapidly in importance during the century after its foundation and by 1564 it accounted for about a quarter of the total number of resident members of the University.
Great Gate
The Great Gate, built in 1530 as part of King's Hall and the largest of all the college gates, is the only one with two doors, one large and one small. When a new Master is admitted, a ceremony is held at the larger gate.
Above the Great Gate, on the outside of the College, is a statue of the College's founder, King Henry VIII. Some years ago, his sceptre was replaced by a chairleg as an undergraduate prank; its current whereabouts are unknown. Underneath are the coats of arms of Edward III and his sons.
Among the cobbles outside the Gate is a very unusual stone, geologically speaking, which has the letters TCN inscribed on it in memory of a past Senior Bursar, T. C. Nicholas, who was a Fellow of Trinity from before the First World War until he died in 1992 aged 101.
To the right are the former rooms of Sir Isaac Newton, the famous mathematician and natural philosopher. In what was once his garden is an apple tree reputedly descended from one at his home at Woolsthorpe in Lincolnshire. The novelist William Thackeray also lived on the same staircase in what is now part of the Porter's Lodge.
As you step through the Gate, the roof bosses feature the coats of arms of previous Masters including Lord (Rab) Butler (1965-78) and William Bill (1551-53).
Facing inwards towards Great Court are statues of King James I, his wife Anne of Denmark and his heir, Prince Charles, later King Charles I.
Great Court
Great Court is the largest court in any Oxford or Cambridge college and the creation of Thomas Nevile, Dean of Canterbury. He demolished and rebuilt much of the College during his time as Master from 1593 to 1615.
Great Court was a setting (although it was not actually used) in the film Chariots of Fire, when Harold Abrahams and Lord Burghley raced around the court in the time it took to strike 12 noon; Lord Burghley actually accomplished the feat in 1927.
Master's Lodge
The Master's Lodge is located opposite the Great Gate. Originally built in Elizabethan times, it was substantially altered and enlarged during Nevile's time as Master, then by Bentley (who built a notoriously expensive staircase), then re-altered by William Whewell (Master 1841-1866) and extended further under Montagu Butler (Master 1886-1918).
The Lodge (which regrettably is not open to the public) features a Tudor drawing room, with a gold embossed ceiling and an ornamented fireplace showing the arms of Queen Elizabeth.
The Fountain
In the centre of Great Court is a large fountain originally built in 1601 and rebuilt to the original design in 1715. Until recently the fountain had its own water supply from a spring a mile and a half to the west of the College, via a conduit laid for the Franciscan Friary in Cambridge in 1325. The fountain is believed to be where earlier students would have washed; many student rooms now have en-suite facilities.
Wren Library
The Wren Library was completed in 1695 under the Mastership of Isaac Barrow, who persuaded his friend Sir Christopher Wren to design it. The building work was carried out under the supervision of a local master mason, Robert Grumbold, who chose exterior stone with a pinkish tinge from a quarry in Rutland; the stone catches the evening sun quite beautifully.
The Library has exquisite classical proportions and maximises space and light having bookcases below window level. The first floor is decorated with limewood carving by Grinling Gibbons and furnished with a series of Roubiliac marble busts of College alumni, including naturalist John Ray and his friend Francis Willoughby, Richard Bentley, Francis Bacon and Sir Isaac Newton. At the far end of the library is a statue by Thorvaldsen of Lord Byron. This was originally intended for Poet's Corner in Westminster Abbey, but was refused; Trinity was glad to accept it.
Manuscripts and printed books are kept in the Wren Library and there is also a modern library and reading room, which are not open to visitors. Some of the College's most notable manuscripts are displayed in the Wren Library, including an eighth century copy of the Epistles of St Paul, John Milton's shorter poems in his own handwriting and the original manuscript of Winnie-the-Pooh.
Annual opening dates
If you are coming to see Trinity's historic buildings and grounds, please note that the College is open as follows :
1 January - 12 March :Free entry
13 March - 16 June : Entry charge made
16 - 22 June : College closed to visitors
23 - 28 June : Entry charge made
29 June : College closed to visitors
30 June - 29 September : Entry charge made
30 September - 4 October : College closed to visitors
5 October - 30 October : Entry charge made
30 October - 25 December : Free entry
26 December : College closed to visitors
27 - 31 December : Free entry
Charges
Members of the University, alumni of Trinity, prospective admissions candidates and bona fide Cambridge residents are admitted free. Between March and October a charge is made to cover costs for other visitors :
Adult: £2.20
Child / Student /OAP: £1.30
Blue Badge: £1.60
Family: £4.40
Prospective Admissions Candidates: no charge
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